01 - Preheat oven to 375°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or grease thoroughly.
02 - Whisk together flour, sugar, baking soda, baking powder, and salt in a large bowl until evenly blended.
03 - Whisk buttermilk, melted butter, and egg in a separate bowl until fully combined.
04 - Pour wet ingredients into dry ingredients and stir gently until just moistened. Do not overmix.
05 - Fold in raisins and caraway seeds if using until evenly distributed throughout batter.
06 - Divide batter evenly among muffin cups, filling each about three-quarters full.
07 - Bake for 18-20 minutes until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
08 - Let muffins cool in tin for 5 minutes, then transfer to a wire rack to finish cooling.