01 - Preheat the oven to 400°F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, baking soda, salt, and black pepper until well combined.
03 - Stir in the grated cheddar and chopped chives until evenly distributed throughout the flour mixture.
04 - Create a well in the center of the mixture and pour in the buttermilk and melted butter. Mix with a wooden spoon or hands until a shaggy dough forms. Add additional buttermilk one tablespoon at a time if the mixture is too dry.
05 - Turn the dough onto a lightly floured surface and gently knead just until it comes together—avoid overworking. Shape into a round loaf approximately 7 inches in diameter.
06 - Transfer the loaf to the prepared baking sheet. Use a sharp knife to cut a deep X pattern across the top of the dough.
07 - Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until deeply golden and the loaf sounds hollow when tapped on the bottom.
08 - Allow the bread to cool on a wire rack for at least 15 minutes before slicing. Serve warm or at room temperature.